Raws li cov tsos, qhov loj me, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm ecological, noog yog cov tsiaj ntxim nyiam uas ntau tus neeg ntsib hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov noog muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ya davhlau thiab lub zeem muag ntse, lawv cov kev xav zoo li tsis hnov tsw thiab hnov lus zoo li cas?Smell yog ib qho kev nkag siab tseem ceeb uas ntau tus noog siv kom muaj sia nyob thiab ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv lawv ib puag ncig.
Txawm hais tias ntau hom noog muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw (olfaction), lawv muaj qhov tsim nyog olfactory kabmob rau tsw. Qee cov noog yuav muaj qhov hnov tsw tsw zoo dua li lwm tus nyob ntawm seb lawv vam khom npaum li cas rau lawv qhov kev hnov tsw rau kev taug kev hauv lawv ib puag ncig. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj txog kev nkag siab txog noog olfaction thiab cov tsiaj tis ua li cas.
Cov noog puas muaj peev xwm hnov tsw tau?
Yog lawm, cov noog muaj peev xwm hnov tsw vim lawv tso siab rau lawv tsib qhov kev xav kom muaj sia nyob - pom, kov, saj, hnov, thiab tsw. Lawv tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm ob lub qhov ntswg nyob rau ntawm lawv cov beaks uas ua rau lub cev olfactory. Tus noog qhov hnov tsw yuav tsis zoo li peb li, tab sis nws tso cai rau lawv ntes cov ntxhiab thiab teb rau lawv.
Nws nkag siab tias cov noog tsis hnov tsw tau vim lawv tsis muaj qhov ntswg pom zoo li lwm yam tsiaj. Cov noog feem ntau paub txog lawv qhov zoo ntawm qhov pom thiab hnov, uas ua rau ntau tus neeg xav tias cov noog tsis hnov tsw txhua, lossis tsuas yog me ntsis. Qhov no yog kom txog thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv thiab cov txiaj ntsig uas cuam tshuam rau txoj kev lawv pom kev sib txuas lus noog.
Ib tug noog qhov hnov tsw tsw thiab saj yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tau tsim dua li nws lub zeem muag, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov noog muaj qhov muag zoo heev. Qee cov noog muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev hnov lus zoo dua li lwm tus, xws li qaib ntxhw thiab Kiwi uas tso siab rau qhov hnov tsw tsw ntxhiab los nrhiav zaub mov. Txawm hais tias qee cov noog tsis cia siab ntau rau cov ntxhiab tsw ua haujlwm yog li nws yuav tsim tsawg dua hauv cov hom tshwj xeeb.
Txoj kev nkag siab noog Olfaction
Yog tias koj yuav tsum saib ze ntawm tus noog lub qhov ncauj, koj yuav pom ob qhov qhib me me hu ua tus noog lub qhov ntswg lossis qhov ntswg. Cov nares no tuaj yeem ua voj voog, hlais, lossis oval-puab, thiab pom qhov chaw ntawm tus noog lub hau, feem ntau yog thaum pib lossis nruab nrab. Qhov no yog sab nraud ntawm tus noog lub olfactory system, thiab thaum nws yuav saib me me thiab yooj yim rau sab nraud, cov qauv sab hauv yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam olfactory kabmob thiab receptors. Qhov loj ntawm tus noog lub olfactory system yuav txawv, tab sis nws feem ntau yog me me.
Lawv lub cev olfactory muaj xws li:
- Sab nraud nostrils
- Olfactory epithelium
- Olfactory qab haus huv
- Olfactory noob
- Olfactory qog
- Olfactory receptors
Nares tsis yog cia tus noog kom hnov tsw xwb tab sis ua pa thiab. Thaum ib tug noog nyob hauv huab cua los ntawm cov nares, huab cua dhau los ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg thiab cov hlab ntsha olfactory pom cov ntxhiab tsw ua ntej mus txog tus noog lub hnab cua.
Ib tug noog lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav yog lined nrog membranous epithelium uas ntes cov ntxhiab molecules kom ua tiav raws li ib tug tsw ntawm cov noog. Thaum cov huab cua no taug kev los ntawm cov noog lub qhov ntswg, cov hlab ntsha uas hnov ntxhiab tsw yuav xa cov cim rau tus noog lub hlwb, uas tso cai rau tus noog kom pom thiab teb rau qhov tsw. Txawm hais tias cov qauv ntawm olfactory system yog tib yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov noog, lawv tus kheej beak shapes thiab adaptations tuaj yeem muab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lawv cov sinuses thiab hauv ob sab phlu ntawm olfactory tracts. Cov noog xws li Kiwis thiab Vultures muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hnov tsw.
Vim li cas noog thiaj li yuav tsum tsw?
- Nrhiav zaub mov:Nqaij (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov noog) vam khom lawv qhov hnov tsw los nrhiav zaub mov. Lawv yuav siv lawv qhov tsis hnov tsw kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom noj qab thiab cov khoom noj uas lawv xav kom tsis txhob noj. Kiwi noog yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov noog uas vam khom rau qhov tsis hnov tsw los nrhiav zaub mov, thiab lawv lub qhov ntswg tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm lawv cov beaks uas nyob ze rau cov khoom noj.
- Kev zam cov tsiaj txhu: Ib tug noog lub zeem muag thiab hnov lus zoo tsuas yog pab tau lawv rau qee yam ua ntej lawv qhov kev xav tau tsim nyog rau kev ciaj sia. Ntau tus noog yuav siv lawv cov ntxhiab tsw los xyuas cov tsiaj nyeg, xws li Blue Tit uas yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv lawv lub zes yog tias lawv hnov tsw weasels.
- Ntev pheromones: Tus noog qhov hnov tsw yuav siv tau rau kev yug me nyuam thiab mating lub hom phiaj. Qee cov noog tuaj yeem ntes cov pheromones uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev sib deev, ua rau olfaction tsim nyog rau qee cov noog 'kev coj noj coj ua.
- Navigating lawv ib puag ncig: Cov noog yuav siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lawv qhov kev nkag siab los taug kev lawv ib puag ncig, nrog rau qhov tsw yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Los ntawm kev nrhiav zes, zaub mov, thiab qhov chaw mus rau kev tsiv mus nyob deb.
- Kev sib txawv ntawm cov tib neeg: Cov noog siv lawv cov ntxhiab los sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hom los ntawm cov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab xaiv tus khub, lossis pab cov noog txheeb xyuas lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Nov zoo li cas?
Feem ntau, tus noog qhov hnov tsw yuav tsis zoo li tib neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov noog yuav muaj cov kab mob me me thiab tsis muaj zog olfactory vim lawv vam khom rau lawv lwm yam kev xav. Interestingly, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov noog xws li kiwis yuav muaj cov olfactory receptors ntau dua li tib neeg. Cov noog xws li vultures, kiwis, parrots, thiab seabirds zoo li muaj kev hnov tsw tsw dua lwm cov noog.
Conclusion
Txawm hais tias cov noog tsis paub tias muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, lawv muaj peev xwm hnov tsw. Olfaction ua lub hom phiaj rau ntau cov noog los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv nrhiav zaub mov, zam cov tsiaj txhu, thiab taug kev lawv ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias qee cov noog muaj qhov hnov tsw zoo dua li lwm tus, txhua tus noog muaj qee qhov kev muaj peev xwm olfactory thiab tsis ntseeg tias nws yog anosmic lawm.
