In ntawm Tanzania, Malawi, thiab Mozambique yog Lake Malawi. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 11,000 square mais thiab yog lub tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm 850 hom cichlids. Cov hom no tau tawg ua pawg, tab sis feem ntau thiab yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas rau pab pawg yog Mbuna. Mbuna, hais tias "boo-nuh", yog ib lo lus los ntawm cov neeg Tonga ntawm Malawi uas txhais tau tias "pob zeb". Cov ntses no muaj yeeb yuj thiab ntxim nyiam, feem ntau pom nkaum hauv qhov tsua pob zeb. Nov yog txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog Mbuna cichlids.
Quick Facts about Mbuna Cichlids
| Species Name: | Qee cov Mbuna cichlids muaj xws li Genyochromis, Labidochromis, Labeotropheus, Melanochromis, Pseudotropheus, thiab Iodotropheus |
| Family: | Haplochromine |
| Hlub Level: | Moderate to nyuaj |
| Tub: | 73-84˚F |
| Tub: | Nkauj kho siab |
| Color Form: | txiv kab ntxwv, daj, thiab xiav xiav yog ntau |
| Lifespan: | mus txog 10 xyoo |
| Size: | 2-8 nti |
| Kev noj haus: | Herbivorous nrog qee zaus muab zoo li cov ntshav |
| Tej yam tsawg kawg nkaus: | 30 gallons |
| Tank Set-Up: | pob zeb muaj ntau qhov nkaum thiab qhov tsua |
| Compatibility: | Zoo siab txais tos cov neeg nyob hauv qab thiab lwm cov ntses uas nquag nkaum hauv qhov chaw muaj pob zeb |
Mbuna Cichlids Txheej txheem cej luam
Mbuna cichlids yog ib pawg loj ntawm cichlids uas txhua tus tuaj ntawm Lake Malawi. Cov cichlids no sib txawv hauv kev coj cwj pwm, kev noj haus, kev sib raug zoo, thiab xim, tab sis lawv yog cov ntses pob zeb hauv tsev. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub pob zeb uas muaj lub tank yog tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo siab. Cov ntses no yuav nyuaj rau cov nroj tsuag, tshem tawm lawv thaum khawb lossis noj cov nroj tsuag, yog li ntau cov nroj tsuag tsis zoo rau lawv. Mbuna cichlids siv sijhawm ntau los nkaum hauv lub qhov tsua pob zeb, thiab feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv qab pob zeb, peering tawm ntawm koj. Lawv zoo li cov ntses nquag, tab sis, yog li nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau lawv siv txhua hnub ua luam dej ncig lub tank.
Cichlids feem ntau paub txog lawv qhov kev txhoj puab heev, thaj chaw, yog li cov neeg sib tw tank yuav tsum tau xaiv kom zoo thiab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm hom Mbuna koj tuaj txog hauv tsev. Qee tus Mbuna ua nruj dua thiab thaj chaw thaum coj los tsev hauv khub lossis thaum qhia rau lub tank hauv ib pab pawg. Lwm tus ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum lawv tau nkag mus rau lub tank ib zaug, thiab qee qhov Mbuna cichlids zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia ib leeg lossis nrog sib haum, tsis yog cichlid tankmates.
Mbuna Cichlids Nqi Ntau Npaum Li Cas?
Vim Mbuna cichlids muaj ntau yam sib txawv, lawv cov nqi sib txawv thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau Mbuna yuav poob ntawm $ 5 txog $ 30 rau ib tus ntses. Muaj kev zam rau qhov no thiab qee qhov tsis tshua muaj ntau yam ntawm Mbuna tuaj yeem muag rau ntau tshaj qhov no. Rau Mbuna uas ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv pab pawg, qee lub khw yuav muab luv nqi ntawm kev yuav ib pawg ntses, pab kom tus nqi hauv koj cov peev nyiaj.
Kev coj cwj pwm & kev kub ntxhov
Mbuna cichlids feem ntau yog thaj chaw, txaus siab tiv thaiv qhov lawv pom tias yog lawv thaj chaw tiv thaiv lawv cov phooj ywg tank, thaum lwm tus muaj kev txhoj puab heev. Mbuna feem ntau yog sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv txiv neej lossis poj niam, tshwj xeeb rau qhov no thaum tus poj niam npaj yuav yug menyuam. Xaiv cov tub rog sib tw uas yuav tsis hla txoj hauv kev nrog cichlids feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis lwm txoj kev xaiv yog khaws ib tug harem nrog ib tug txiv neej thiab ntau tus poj niam. Qee lub sij hawm, overstocking Mbuna yuav txo tus cwj pwm ntawm thaj chaw los ntawm kev txwv qhov chaw txhua tus ntses yuav tsum "them".
Zoo & Varieties
Muaj ntau pua hom ntawm Mbuna cichlids, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zoo li lossis tus kheej. Ntawm no yog ob peb ntawm ntau yam nrov ntawm Mbuna cichlids.
Nrov Mbuna Cichlid Ntau Yam:
- Bumblebee Cichlid: Cov cichlids no kuj qee zaum hu ua Hornet Cichlids thiab muaj npe rau lawv cov kab txaij dub thiab daj. Lawv lub cev yog elongated, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 4 ntiv tes ntev. Cov ntses no ib txwm pub rau cov kab mob uas kis tau rau lwm cov ntses. Thaum lawv tseem hluas, lawv muaj xim ci, tab sis thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog, lawv pib tsaus. Lawv khaws cov xim daj tag nrho lawv lub neej, tab sis.
- Electric Yellow Cichlid: Paub txog lawv tus kheej pom zoo, cov ntses no kuj qee zaum hu ua Yellow Labs. Lawv yuav, txawm li cas los xij, qhia kev ua phem rau lwm cov ntses uas zoo sib xws thiab xim zoo li lawv tus kheej, txawm tias lawv tsis yog Electric Yellow Cichlids. Lawv ci, hluav taws xob daj hauv xim. Thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog, lawv pib coj cov kab txaij dub thiab tuav, tab sis lawv khaws cov xim daj ntau dua thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej dua li Bumblebee Cichlid.
- Red Zebra Cichlid: Cov cichlids no yog txiv kab ntxwv ntau dua liab. Lawv cov kab txaij muaj cov xim txiv kab ntxwv tsaus. Tsiaj qus hom Liab Zebra Cichlids feem ntau pom muaj xim xiav ib yam nkaus, tab sis qhov no muaj ntau dua rau cov txiv neej dua li poj niam. Cov txiv neej tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 5 ntiv tes ntev, thaum cov poj niam nyob ib ncig ntawm 4 ntiv tes. Zoo li ntau lwm Mbuna cichlids, cov ntses no ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum khaws cia hauv harems.
- Golden Cichlid: Cov cichlids zoo nkauj heev, tab sis txhoj puab heev. Lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 5 ntiv tes ntev. Lawv nyiam khaws cia rau hauv harems thiab feem ntau nruj heev rau lub zej zog tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog tias koj xaiv los sim ua kom lub tank nrog ntau tus txiv neej, koj tseem yuav xaus nrog lub harem vim tias cov txiv neej yuav sib ntaus sib tua kom tuag kom txog rau thaum tsuas muaj ib qho tseem tshuav. Cov ntses no tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg pib nuv ntses. Cov poj niam thiab cov menyuam yaus muaj xim daj nrog qee cov kab dub, thaum cov txiv neej feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv, nrog cov xim liab-dub thiab daj striping.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Saib Xyuas Mbuna Cichlids
Habitat, Tank Conditions & Setup
- Tank/Aquarium Size - Rau me me Mbuna, xws li Electric Yellow cichlid, 30-gallon tank tuaj yeem txaus tab sis 40-gallon lossis loj dua yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Rau Mbuna loj dua, zoo li Blue Dolphin Moorii, lub tank loj dua li ntawm 55 nkas loos yuav tsim nyog.
- Dej Kub & pH - Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau Mbuna cichlids yog 77-84˚F, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv dej kom txias li 73˚F. Cov ntses no nyiam me ntsis dej alkaline nrog pH ntawm 7.5-8.5. Cov dej alkaline tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov coral crushed, ci dej qab zib, lossis cov khoom lag luam.
- Substrate – Qhov zoo tshaj plaws substrate rau Mbuna cichlids yog xuab zeb vim nws tso cai rau lawv mus khawb thiab burrow yam tsis tau raug mob rau lawv tus kheej ntawm ntse npoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog pob zeb thiab lwm cov pob zeb substrate ib yam nkaus. Muaj cov khoom lag luam muaj cichlid tshwj xeeb substrates.
- Nroj tsuag - Cov nroj tsuag zoo tshaj plaws rau Mbuna cichlid tso tsheb hlau luam yog cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem txuas rau pob zeb lossis driftwood, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm cov ntses. Java fern, Anubias, thiab mosses yog cov kev xaiv zoo. Lwm cov nroj tsuag, xws li Vallisneria thiab Cabomba, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov ntses. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem cog lossis ntab, zoo li Hornwort, yog cov kev xaiv zoo ib yam. Nco ntsoov tias alkalinity ntawm cov dej txwv cov nroj tsuag uas yuav ciaj sia hauv lub tank.
- Teeb pom kev zoo - Mbuna cichlids tsis muaj teeb pom kev tshwj xeeb sab nraum lub voj voog nruab hnub / hmo ntuj, uas tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Filtration - Kev lim hnyav yog tsim nyog rau Mbuna cichlids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum khaws cia rau hauv lub tank overstocked. Cov lim dej lim dej yog qhov kev xaiv zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog kev lim dej zoo li daim txhuam cev.
Puas Mbuna Cichlids Zoo Tank Phooj Ywg?
Vim yog thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Mbuna cichlids, kev taw qhia yuav nyuaj. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los qhia cov ntses tshiab rau hauv lub zej zog tsim yog kom rov kho cov pob zeb hauv koj lub tank. Qhov no yuav muab pov tseg ntawm thaj chaw uas cov ntses tau thov lawm, tso cai rau cov ntses tshiab kom plam hauv qhov tsis pom zoo thaum lwm cov ntses maj nrawm los tsim thaj chaw tshiab. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsim nyog thaum qhia cichlids, lwm cov ntses nyob hauv pob zeb, lossis lwm yam ntses, xws li cov ntses liab-tailed.
Yog tias koj tab tom qhia cov phooj ywg tshiab uas yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cichlids, zoo li Plecostomus thiab Flying Foxes, ces qhov no yuav tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias koj tau ua tiav cov chaw cog qoob loo hauv koj lub tank cichlid, ces ntses xws li Giant Danios thiab Rainbowfish tuaj yeem yog qhov sib tw zoo thiab.
Hauv ntau lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob khub Mbuna cichlids nrog lwm hom Mbuna cichlids. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau hybridization, tsis meej pem hauv lub tank, thiab thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb. Qee qhov tshwj xeeb rau qhov no yog peacock cichlids thiab hluav taws xob daj cichlids.
Dab tsi pub rau koj tus Mbuna Cichlids
Mbuna cichlids xav tau cov khoom noj uas cog qoob loo. Lawv yuav noj algae, biofilm, thiab cog cov teeb meem hauv lub tank tab sis yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom noj cichlid coj mus muag. Txhawm rau ntxiv thiab xyuas kom lawv tau txais cov khoom noj kom zoo, cov ntses no tuaj yeem noj cov zaub tshiab, xws li romaine lettuce, zucchini, dib, carrots, spinach, thiab arugula. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau blanch lossis steam veggies ua ntej pub rau koj cov ntses kom nws yooj yim rau lawv noj. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyuaj rau rhuav tshem cov zaub nyoos. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov khoom noj tshiab uas tsis tau noj, xws li zaub, hauv 24 teev kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem dej tsis zoo. Mbuna cichlids tseem tuaj yeem muab cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau ib zaug lossis ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob ntshav, brine cw, daphnia, thiab txawm kib.
Keep Your Mbuna Cichlids He althy
Mbuna cichlids yog rhiab rau cov teeb meem dej zoo nrog rau kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov dej tsis zoo. Yog tias koj qhov ntsuas dej tsis raug, xws li pH qis lossis qhov kub thiab txias, koj yuav tsum maj mam hloov qhov no mus rau qib zoo tshaj li ob peb hnub. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cichlids hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv dej. Hloov cov kev txwv tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab thiab tuag taus, txawm tias qhov ntsuas tsis nyob sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw xis nyob lossis nyab xeeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Muab lub tank noj qab haus huv nrog ntau pob zeb, qhov tsua, thiab pom yuav ua rau koj cov cichlid noj qab nyob zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog ib puag ncig kev ntxhov siab nrog dej zoo. Khaws Mbuna cichlids nrog cov neeg sib tw tsim nyog kom txo tau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob, pab lawv noj qab haus huv thiab zoo siab rau xyoo tom ntej.
Tshuaj ntsuab
Kev yug me nyuam Mbuna cichlids feem ntau kuj yooj yim. Yog tias khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw zoo, noj qab nyob zoo, cov ntses no feem ntau yuav yug me nyuam yam tsis muaj kev pab lossis kev tshoov siab. Mbuna cichlids yog qhov hu ua "niam txiv lub qhov ncauj", uas txhais tau hais tias cov niam khaws cov qe hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj. Lawv yuav ntses zoo li ntau lwm cov ntses, tab sis tom qab lub qe tau fertilized, leej niam yuav muab cov qe nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj thiab nqa lawv mus txog rau thaum lawv loj hlob. Qhov no ua rau cov qe muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tso cai rau kib kom muaj sia nyob.
Thaum lub qe tawm mus, niam yuav nplawm cov qe. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj yuav tsis paub tias koj Mbuna cichlids tau bred kom txog thaum koj pib pom kib hauv lub tank. Nco ntsoov, txawm li cas los xij, tias lwm tus Mbuna cichlids hauv lub tank yuav noj cov kib. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau tshem lawv thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tank kom ruaj ntseg. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no, xyuas kom koj lub tank muaj ntau qhov chaw nkaum rau lub lauj kaub rau lub vaj thaum lawv loj hlob.
Puas Mbuna Cichlids haum rau koj lub thoob dej yug ntses?
Mbuna cichlids yog cov yeeb yuj, ntxim nyiam ntses uas tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj ntxiv rau lub thoob dej yug ntses. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov dej alkalinity xav tau thiab nyiam rau pob zeb tshaj cov nroj tsuag yuav ua rau lawv tsis haum rau feem ntau cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Lawv yog cov tshwj xeeb txog dej zoo, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los xyuas kom meej tias koj muaj lub tank tag nrho npaj rau lawv thaum koj nqa Mbuna cichlids los tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum koj yuav tuag nrog ntses tuag.
Nrog ib puag ncig zoo, tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog cov dej tsis haum, Mbuna cichlids tuaj yeem vam meej. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau xyoo nrog kev saib xyuas kom raug, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab. Mbuna cichlids yog kev cog lus uas tsis yog rau txhua tus. Lawv tuaj yeem nyuaj, txawm tias muaj kev paub txog cov neeg zov ntses. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj tau txais kev tuav ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyiam, cov ntses no coj cov dej qab ntsev zoo rau koj lub tank dej tshiab.
